Plant-Based Nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals are a portmanteau of “nutrients” and “pharmaceuticals” denoting substances that are rich in nutrients that confer immense health benefits. Plants are rich source of nutraceuticals as studies have demonstrated the link between the dietary intakes of plant-derived foods with that of abundant health benefits. A wide array of phytochemicals such as glucosinolates and various polyphenols including anthocyanins, flavones, isoflavones, stilbenoids, ellagicacid, allyl sulfides, anthocyanidins, catechins, and carotenoids provide diverse health benefits, namely in the treatment of metabolic syndromes and diseases such as cancer and in improving the brain health and the general immune system. Unlike the functional foods, which are a component of regular diet that improves the overall health status besides its primary nutritional function, nutraceuticals are concentrated forms of the plant-derived compounds in an altered formulation. Nevertheless, nutraceuticals display specific physiological benefits and confer protection against acute and chronic diseases, etc. The role of plant-based nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, diabetes and antiaging and immune-boosting properties has been demonstrated. Besides the whole plants, the fruit and vegetable residues are gaining much attention owing to their potential richness in plant-based nutraceuticals. Furthermore, nutraceuticals interact with gut microbiota leading to altered bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the phytochemicals. Different delivery vehicles, viz. liposomes, emulsion-based delivery, and nanoencapsulation, have been devised to improve the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. Also, a science-based food regulatory regimen exclusively for the plant-based nutraceuticals is warranted. This chapter discusses the concept of plant-based nutraceuticals enumerating our current understanding of biochemical features of phytochemicals and their mode of action in improving the health and physiological well-being. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota and its interaction with nutraceuticals and various delivery vehicles to improve the bioavailability of phytochemicals is discussed along with the need for the regulatory regime.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India Ramesh S. V.
2. Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India Shelly Praveen

1. Ramesh S. V.